From: skunk-works-digest-owner@mail.orst.edu To: skunk-works-digest@mail.orst.edu Subject: Skunk Works Digest V5 #652 Reply-To: skunk-works-digest@mail.orst.edu Errors-To: skunk-works-digest-owner@mail.orst.edu Precedence: Skunk Works Digest Wednesday, 24 April 1996 Volume 05 : Number 652 In this issue: Re: DarkStar down ? SR-71 Flights Suspended -Reply Re- DarkStar Down AW&ST 4/18/96 (p.18) - SR-71 Flights Suspended LASRE Re: LASRE Re: Chicken Gun revisited Re: LASRE Re: AW&ST 4/18/96 (p.18) - SR-71 Flights Suspended Re: LASRE J93 Spy Costs Darkstar Movie Description Gray Wolf Alert Re: AW&ST 4/18/96 (p.18) - SR-71 Flights Suspended Darkstar movie part 4 See the end of the digest for information on subscribing to the skunk-works or skunk-works-digest mailing lists and on how to retrieve back issues. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From: OnLine Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 19:07:50 Subject: Re: DarkStar down ? The DarkStar was destroyed when it crashed on take off at 11.22 am PDT on April 22 at Edwards AFB. No other damage was caused and there were no injuries.It was under control from the ground when the accident happened. An investigation team has been formed to determine the cause. I was hoping that it was just damaged, but sadly that isn't the case. D ------------------------------ From: MICHAEL WEATHERSBY Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 15:49:06 -0500 Subject: SR-71 Flights Suspended -Reply >>> Terry Colvin 4/23/96, 04:15am >>> * DOD SUSPENDS SR-71 SPY PLANE FLIGHTS The Sacramento Bee reports the SR-71 cost $39,000 an hour to operate and can fly three times the speed of sound at extremely high altitudes. Suspending flights through Sept. 30 would save about $8 million. Well, apparently the $39K/Hr to operate the SR-71 must have been in line but didn't we hear from someone that each picture costs about $1Mill per copy? I guess that we will be saving a WHOPPING eight (8) pictures by suspending the flights through 30 Sept, huh.. Did anyone ever say whether or not the $1Mill/ pic was anywhere near correct or not??? I understand that statistics can be manipulated any way that you want and that you can add all of the production costs and stuff to artificially inflate the costs but $1Mill/ picture still seems a bit high. Any suggestions or did I miss a mailing? Thanks, Mike Weathersby Weather@DHHS.STATE.SC.US ------------------------------ From: "Matt Velazquez" Date: 23 Apr 1996 15:49:21 U Subject: Re- DarkStar Down Re: DarkStar Down This from a Dryden source: They set up in the middle of the main base runway on a heading toward the lakebed. They pushed the "go" button. The pre brake release BIT (built in test) was normal. The vehicle released brakes and throttled up normally. The main gear lifted off and the aircraft continued to accelerate on the nose wheel (as it did in F1). The aircraft started an oscillation in pitch either just before or after liftoff. Lift-off occurred ~3000 ft from the start of the takeoff roll. Immediately after liftoff the aircraft pitched up "to almost 90!" and it reached over 100 ft before it rolled off to the left. It crashed and burned about 80 feet off to the north of the runway at the 2000 ft remaining marker. The orange "Black Box" was apparently thrown free of the fire and a data tape in good health was recovered. In addition, telemetry data was being logged on the ground. The accident will be investigated by ARPA. ------------------------------ From: fmarkus@pipeline.com (Frank Markus) Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 16:28:36 -0400 Subject: AW&ST 4/18/96 (p.18) - SR-71 Flights Suspended The News Breaks page in Aviation Week reported: "THE U.S. DEFENSE DEPT. ORDERED the SR-71 to stop operational flying last week, claiming that it violated the Fiscal 1996 defense authorization bill. In an Apr. 15 letter to Sen. Ted Stevens, Deputy Secretary of Defense John White said he had directed the Air Force to suspend SR-71 operations immediately because of contradictory appropriation and authorization language. Congressional SR-71 supporters were miffed. The Mach 3 reconnaissance aircraft had just taken photographic and radar imagery for the March-April Green Flag exercise (AW&ST Mar.4 p. 55). ------------------------------ From: OnLine Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 21:39:39 Subject: LASRE Does anyone have any views regarding what benefits are likely to be gained from the use of Linear Aerospike engines over conventional bell nozzles in operational terms in Lock-Mart's X-33 proposal ? It seems that the whole programme rides on the success of this design proving itself in the LASRE. I wonder why an aerospike hasn't been flight tested before..is it just funding ?...seems like a huge risk, but I suppose that's how technological breakthroughs happen... Best D ------------------------------ From: Brad Hitch Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 17:07:06 -0600 (MDT) Subject: Re: LASRE On Tue, 23 Apr 1996, OnLine wrote: > > Does anyone have any views regarding what benefits are likely to be gained > from the use of Linear Aerospike engines over conventional bell nozzles in > operational terms in Lock-Mart's X-33 proposal ? > > It seems that the whole programme rides on the success of this design > proving itself in the LASRE. I wonder why an aerospike hasn't been flight > tested before..is it just funding ?...seems like a huge risk, but I suppose > that's how technological breakthroughs happen... > > Best > > D > > According to Sutton ("Rocket Propulsion Elements", 1992, pp 72) the aerospike nozzle has been around since the 60's but has not been pursued since it is "... more complex, more difficult to cool, and usually heavier than a conical or bell-shaped nozzle." In general, aircraft up to Mach 4 class do not require larger throat to exit flow area ratios than can be satisfied with axisymmetric conical converging-diverging nozzles as seenon the F-15, F-16, SR-71, etc. These nozzles are relatively light, short, and easy to cool (low surface area) and in general run off-design (underexpanded or overexpanded) due to performance vs. weight and complexity trades. When you get into the hypersonic regime (M>5) the nozzle pressure ratios require very large flow area ratios and throat area changes to completely expand the exhaust to ambient pressure at altitude _and_ satisfy full A/B at takeoff, which pushes the designer toward 2-D C-D and SERN's that are heavy and have acres of surface area to cool. High nozzle performance at high Mach is desired due to the huge total pressure losses suffered by the air as it is compressed by shocks in the inlets of hypersonic engines. Nozzle designers go to great lengths to get those last few points of Cfg (gross thrust coefficient) but overall engine thrust at max. Mach depends more on the inlet efficiency. ------------------------------ From: Brad Hitch Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 17:18:36 -0600 (MDT) Subject: Re: Chicken Gun revisited On Tue, 23 Apr 1996 dsm@iti-oh.com wrote: > > > Hi Chuck, > > :: > :: Don`t forget the grandaddy of them all, the supersonic velocity > :: chicken gun for windshield testing on the SST. Some of the neatest > :: films I ever saw! > :: > :: Chuck > > And I have! My father was a Pipefitter and did some of the hook-ups for the > engine test cell down at GE Evendale (in Cincy Ohio for you folks in the > hinterlands)...I think it was the mid-60's. Was it not the same or a > derivitive engine used in the XB-70 six pack? The J93 turbojet was developed by GE for the XB-70. The technology was used on the GE4 engine for the SST. The GE4 held a single engine thrust record for many years at 69,900 lbf. Outdoor testing was done at Peebles, OH which supposedly resulted in GE buying out many of the neighbors because of the noise (noise is an understatement). The exhaust velocity from the GE4 at full power (i.e. takeoff) was in the neighborhood of 1 mile/second if I recall correctly. Since noise scales with something like the eighth power of the exhaust velocity this one was a real hummer. Imagine these taking off at 10:00 pm from your airport. ------------------------------ From: larry@ichips.intel.com Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 18:20:20 -0700 Subject: Re: LASRE D writes: >Does anyone have any views regarding what benefits are likely to be gained >from the use of Linear Aerospike engines over conventional bell nozzles in >operational terms in Lock-Mart's X-33 proposal ? Yes. We've been over this before. If Linear Aerospike doesn't work, rocket SSTO probably won't work. Rocket SSTO is so on the edge, that it needs every efficiency it can get. The automatic altitude compensation of aerospike is too attractive right now to ignore when compared with traditional nozzles with variable geometry. Eventually someone will discover that a blend of rocket and airbreather will achieve SSTO more easily. >It seems that the whole programme rides on the success of this design >proving itself in the LASRE. I wonder why an aerospike hasn't been flight >tested before..is it just funding ?...seems like a huge risk, but I suppose >that's how technological breakthroughs happen... It looks like the reason they haven't flown has been funding, losing the proposal process, and possibly some politics. Some time ago, a linear version of the J-2 rocket engine was built and static tested by Rocketdyne. There were other interesting configurations static tested as well, but nobody flew, that we know of. From what I understand, there were linear engines proposed for the Shuttle engine as well. But the same is true of advanced airbreathing engines as well! So much has been built and statically tested on the ground that it would make you cry. And contrary to some peoples opinion, these are not 'cold war propoganda' engines. These clustered (linear and other clustering configs) rocket designs have been fairly thoroughly wrung out on the ground it seems, since the 60's, judging from the pictures of these engines under test that are now available on the Net for one. Or are you really pointing at the risk and therefore trying to conclude that something must have flown already because the risk in your mind is excessive? Well, I can make the same point for airbreathers. Maybe we should mix the two! Larry ------------------------------ From: chosa@chosa.win.net (Byron Weber) Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 19:30:32 Subject: Re: AW&ST 4/18/96 (p.18) - SR-71 Flights Suspended Hate to suggest this, but seems any chance the congressional majority gets to ding their upcoming presidential opponent, and remind the public the budget has not been signed, they take it. This seems especially true when they can usurp his executive role as commander-in-chief, ordinarily out of reach, and more so with his recent "executive privilege" decision which was vehemently criticized regarding the details of Iranian arms shipments to Bosnia. It amounts to nothing more than political infighting, comparable to, "oh yea, well then that take this!" Hope like hell it doesnt have life threatening consequences down the road. Byron >The News Breaks page in Aviation Week reported: > >"THE U.S. DEFENSE DEPT. ORDERED the SR-71 to stop operational flying last >week, claiming that it violated the Fiscal 1996 defense authorization bill. > In an Apr. 15 letter to Sen. Ted Stevens, Deputy Secretary of Defense John >White said he had directed the Air Force to suspend SR-71 operations >immediately because of contradictory appropriation and authorization >language. Congressional SR-71 supporters were miffed. The Mach 3 >reconnaissance aircraft had just taken photographic and radar imagery for >the March-April Green Flag exercise (AW&ST Mar.4 p. 55). > ------------------------------ From: Brad Hitch Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 22:10:31 -0600 (MDT) Subject: Re: LASRE On Tue, 23 Apr 1996 larry@ichips.intel.com wrote: > > These clustered (linear and other clustering configs) rocket designs have been > fairly thoroughly wrung out on the ground it seems, since the 60's, judging > from the pictures of these engines under test that are now available on the > Net for one. > Cough up some URL's, Larry :) ------------------------------ From: Charles_E._Smith.wbst200@xerox.com Date: Wed, 24 Apr 1996 03:43:03 PDT Subject: J93 The J93 was a scaled-up (dynamically similar) J79. A real hog. Chuck ------------------------------ From: dougt@u011.oh.vp.com (Doug Tiffany) Date: Wed, 24 Apr 96 7:06:46 EDT Subject: Spy Costs I got this from Reuters this morning: Proposal Would Reveal U.S. Spy Budget WASHINGTON (Reuter) - The U.S. intelligence community and its traditionally secret budget appropriation would be more open to public scrutiny under reforms unveiled Tuesday at the White House. Seeking to lay to rest scandals that have raised criticism of U.S. intelligence agencies, the Clinton administration authorized Congress to make public the total appropriation for intelligence, when that figure is available. Such a figure has never before been released, though news reports have put the total at about $28 billion in recent year. The release of this budget figure is ``consistent with the administration's emphasis on openness while maintaining absolute integrity of sources and methods ... in the intelligence community,'' said a U.S. official who spoke on condition of anonymity. The White House plan also calls for the formation of a National Imagery and Mapping Agency that would consolidate the function of five or six current agencies that process and distribute satellite intelligence. The National Reconnaissance Office, which builds and launches satellites, would remain separate. Both the House and Senate have offered their own plans to reform U.S. intelligence, and the White House plan took up many of their proposals. However, it rejected a suggestion that intelligence staff be cut by 10 percent. The White House plan called for three new high-level panels, one on foreign intelligence, a second on global crime and a third for ``intelligence consumers'' -- government agencies to whom intelligence should be tailored. The director of the Central Intelligence Agency would get two more deputy directors, bringing the total to three. The CIA director would also have a say in the appointment of high-level officials at other U.S. intelligence agencies, such as the National Security Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency, a move likely to raise protests. CIA director John Deutch told reporters these reforms were aimed at strengthening U.S. intelligence and making it more efficient. He also said that much of the criticism leveled at the spy agencies has been laid to rest. ``We've ... acknowledged some of the problems the (intelligence) community has faced ... these issues have been dealt with forthrightly,'' Deutch said. He listed such problems as the scandal of Soviet mole Aldrich Ames, criticism of the CIA's conduct in Guatemala in the early 1990s and what he called ``poor tradecraft'' in France, where CIA operatives tried to recruit key Cabinet aides in the French government. - -- A hundred years from now, it will not matter what kind of house I live in, how much is in my bank account, or what kind of car I drive, but the world may be a different place because I was important in the life of a child. Douglas J. Tiffany dougt@u011.oh.vp.com Varco-Pruden Buildings Van Wert, Ohio ------------------------------ From: Dave.Tilbury@UK.Sun.COM (David Tilbury - Sun UK) Date: Wed, 24 Apr 1996 13:25:36 +0100 Subject: Darkstar Movie Description 285mb Quicktime movie of Darkstar taking off. Courtesy Dept. of Defence. Dave ------------------------------ From: CULLY@svr81trw.kee.aetc.af.mil (CULLY, George Mr) Date: 24 Apr 96 07:50:52 EDT Subject: Gray Wolf Alert Back in early February, Hank asked about an aircraft program called "Gray Wolf," and no one knew what it was. See this week's Aviation Week for the answer: it's a Navy JSTARS-like testbed system carried aboard a Lockheed S-3. Geo. ------------------------------ From: "Murrell, Duncan V." Date: Wed, 24 Apr 96 08:57:00 PDT Subject: Re: AW&ST 4/18/96 (p.18) - SR-71 Flights Suspended I'm not really sure what you're driving at here. The 1996 defense budget did become law in December (although it passed into law unsigned by the president). "Executive privilege, " has not been invoked in the case of the Iranian arms shipments to the Bosnian Muslims. In fact, the administration has been surprisingly forthcoming about the details, which some members of Congress (including Sen. Bob Dole) have been aware of it since January 1995. The only new revelations are that certain State officials may have been more actively intervening with Croatia than previously believed. Most agree that it was the "congressional majority" that were the losers in the budget fight of 1996, and are actively looking for ways to regroup. The budget conference has adopted a new, low-key approach. It would be unlikely Congressional Republicans would want to call attention to the five appropriations bills which have not been signed, since a number of polls (Republican and Democrat) indicate Americans blame Republicans for the stalemate. The only "life-threatening" circumstances I can recall in recent memory that could possibly relate to all this is Sen. Jesse Helms' remarks that Clinton had better not venture down to North Carolina, because there are a lot of pissed off service members there. Yeeehawwww! --Duncan Murrell ---------- From: skunk-works-owner To: skunk-works Subject: Re: AW&ST 4/18/96 (p.18) - SR-71 Flights Suspended Date: Tuesday, April 23, 1996 7:30PM Hate to suggest this, but seems any chance the congressional majority gets to ding their upcoming presidential opponent, and remind the public the budget has not been signed, they take it. This seems especially true when they can usurp his executive role as commander-in-chief, ordinarily out of reach, and more so with his recent "executive privilege" decision which was vehemently criticized regarding the details of Iranian arms shipments to Bosnia. It amounts to nothing more than political infighting, comparable to, "oh yea, well then that take this!" Hope like hell it doesnt have life threatening consequences down the road. Byron ------------------------------ From: Dave.Tilbury@UK.Sun.COM (David Tilbury - Sun UK) Date: Wed, 24 Apr 1996 13:24:30 +0100 Subject: Darkstar movie part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