From: skunk-works-digest-owner@pmihwy.com To: skunk-works-digest@pmihwy.com Subject: Skunk Works Digest V6 #13 Reply-To: skunk-works-digest@pmihwy.com Errors-To: skunk-works-digest-owner@pmihwy.com Precedence: Skunk Works Digest Sunday, 2 February 1997 Volume 06 : Number 013 In this issue: Re: Speed of helicopter blades RE: Speed of helicopter blades Helicopter blade tip speed RAM covered helmets RE: Speed of helicopter blades Re: Skunk Works Digest V6 #12 "Jetsons Here We Come" See the end of the digest for information on subscribing to the skunk-works or skunk-works-digest mailing lists and on how to retrieve back issues. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From: "A.J. Craddock" Date: Fri, 31 Jan 1997 10:21:26 -0800 Subject: Re: Speed of helicopter blades However, it is also public knowledge that the Armed Forces possess helicopters that are silent. The Wall Street Journal even had an article about it a year or so ago. Apparently the trick is to broadcast simultaneously a noise profile that is equal and opposite to the primary noise generated, which cancels out the noise. Am sure some of the list members can add more details. Tony Craddock ************* At 10:02 AM 1/31/97 -0800, you wrote: >I looked in my Larousse, but it is entitled "Larousse Gastronomique" (or some >such) and had nothing on helicopter blades. I then contacted a friend who >works for NASA designing helicopters and received the following reply: > >"Hey Bernie! > >Original helicopters like the Huey UH-1 had blades that traveled >supersonically. But, they have since toned down rotor tip speeds because of >noise and vibration problems. Rotor blades now typically travel at tip speeds >anywhere from 650 to 790 ft/sec depending of the type of helicopter or >tiltrotor. At ambient sea level conditions the blades on >not moving at supersonic speeds. But, as you may know, >when you gain altitude, temperature decreases and so does the speed of sound: > >a = sqrt (gamma*R*T) > >where a is the speed of sound, gamma is 1.4, R is a gas constant, and T is >temperature > >OK, so maybe you are not interested in equations. But you get the idea. :-) >This is how Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier with the X-1. He gained >altitude where the speed of sound was lower in order to go supersonic. > >So, the answer to your question is: it depends. It depends on what altitude >the copter is flying at. It depends on the temperature at the altitude the >copter is flying at. But, it also depends on the aerodynamic flows around the >airfoils on the blade. Even if the blade is not traveling at supersonic >speeds, the air flow as it accelerates over the upper surface of the blade can >experience supersonic speeds. Also, you have to consider the relative forward >velocity of the blades as they travel, i.e. tip speed + forward speed. Now, >when you're talking about noise, that's a whole other ball of wax. Steve's >the expert in this area. :-) The noise of helicopters are not just due to >shock waves coming off the blades. A second noise generated by helicopters is >called blade vortex interactions (BVI's). The bound circulation of the blade >trails off into concentrated tip vortices. When these vortices slap into the >following blades as the helicopter rotor system rotates, BVI's occurs. > >This is a very simplified explanation of aerodynamics, fluid dynamics, and >helicopter theory, but I hope it answers your question. > >Alex" > > >And there you are! > > > .-----------------------------------. |^\ ____ > | Bernie | | \_____' o o\___ | > | (415) 506 2083 |\__=== N1BR _______ `> > | WWCS Belmont CA |/ `--~~~~~===v===-v'| > |___________________________________| o o > >Date: 31 Jan 97 08:58:32 >From:"J. Pharabod " >To:skunk-works@pmihwy.com >Subject:Speed of helicopter blades >Return-Path: >Organization:In2p3 >Sender:owner-skunk-works@pmihwy.com >Precedence: bulk >MIME-Version: 1.0 >Content-Transfer-Encoding:7bit >Content-Type:text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" > >Sorry, not really skunky, but... > >Several months ago, a skunk-works subscriber said that the tips of >helicopter blades were supersonic, which explained the terrific noise >of these crafts (if it were not skunk-works, then it was a sci.space.* >or rec.aviation.military posting, but since I seldom read those, there >is > 90% prob that it was skunk-works; if not, I apologize in advance). > >Then coming back home, I said "You know what? These helicos are very >noisy because the tips of their blades are supersonic! A brilliant >expert from the skunk-works list told us!" > >And today my son told me "Well, Dad, I have read in the _Grand >Dictionnaire Encyclopedique Larousse_ that the tips of helicopter >blades are not supersonic, in order to avoid turbulences". > >Since I looked a bit stupid, I tried to confirm/infirm. I found nothing >in the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_. Using search engines, I found an URL: >http://www.tc.cornell.edu/Edu/SPUR/SPUR95/Noha/report.html >Visualization of Helicopter/Tiltrotor Blade-Vortex Interaction Noise >with these enigmatic sentences: >"the noise propagation of this source depends on whether the force >distribution is moving at supersonic or subsonic speed with respect >to the surrounding fluid" >"unlike the tip effect mechanism, the acoustic sources responsible >for radiation cone noise have locally supersonic relative velocities" > >Does this mean that, though the tips are not supersonic, something >else (vortices?) is supersonic? > >J. Pharabod > ------------------------------ From: "Fowler, Robert" Date: Fri, 31 Jan 1997 11:45:52 -0800 Subject: RE: Speed of helicopter blades >Well, I think it is more a case of some do, some don't. Near-supersonic >blades have a very distinctive sound. The first mass produced helicopter >that had trans-sonic blades was the Huey. If you've been around them, they >sound very distinctive vs. other helicopters so I don't think most helicopter >are normally operated with trans-sonic air flow over the blades. Since it is >an important design requirement for new helicopters to be as quiet as >possible new designs are probable not inteaded to have supersonic blades. > >---------- >From: J. Pharabod[SMTP:PHARABOD@frcpn11.in2p3.fr] >Sent: Friday, January 31, 1997 08:58 >To: skunk-works@pmihwy.com >Subject: Speed of helicopter blades > >[trim] >Then coming back home, I said "You know what? These helicos are very >noisy because the tips of their blades are supersonic! A brilliant >expert from the skunk-works list told us!" > >And today my son told me "Well, Dad, I have read in the _Grand >Dictionnaire Encyclopedique Larousse_ that the tips of helicopter >blades are not supersonic, in order to avoid turbulences". > >J. Pharabod > ------------------------------ From: David Lednicer Date: Fri, 31 Jan 1997 14:17:06 -0800 (PST) Subject: Helicopter blade tip speed There are not ANY helicopters that have rotor blade tips that move at supersonic velocities (though someone from Westland did publish a paper once, investigating the possibility). What happens is that the flow locally on the rotor airfoil, near the tip, does go supersonic. This creates a local shock wave. If the shockwave can propagate out to the "sonic cylinder", you do get a lot of noise - ala a Huey. The "sonic cylinder" is the radi from the center of rotation at which the tip would be in supersonic flow. This type of noise is called "de-localization noise". Here are some typical helicopter rotor tip speeds (in hover). Add the forward flight speed to see how fast they are moving in high speed forward flight, on the advancing side. Helicopter Vtip Vmax UH-1H Huey 814 ft/sec 110 kt UH-60A Black Hawk 725 ft/sec 165 kt AH-1F Cobra 746 ft/sec 123 kt AH-64A Apache 727 ft/sec 166 kt S-76A 675 ft/sec 145 kt CH-53E 733 ft/sec 170 kt SH-3D 660 ft/sec 144 kt SA 365 Dauphin 717 ft/sec 151 kt Agusta A 109 725 ft/sec 168 kt Robinson R-22 672 ft/sec 97 kts The speed of sound at Sea Level, on a standard day is 1116.8 ft/sec. To get from knots to ft/sec, mulitply by 1.688. As you can see, the Huey's tip is at M=.895 in high speed, forward flight. Close, but not supersonic. What can often be the noisest part of the helicopter is the tail rotor. If you ever see a S-76 flying over you, listen carefully. Most of the noise comes from the tail rotor. You also get noise from the thickness of the rotor blades, blade/vortex interaction, etc. On the inside of the helicopter a lot of the noise comes from gear clash in the transmission. - ------------------------------------------------------------------- David Lednicer | "Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics" Analytical Methods, Inc. | email: dave@amiwest.com 2133 152nd Ave NE | tel: (206) 643-9090 Redmond, WA 98052 USA | fax: (206) 746-1299 ------------------------------ From: David Lednicer Date: Fri, 31 Jan 1997 14:24:57 -0800 (PST) Subject: RAM covered helmets I have several pictures of F-117 pilots taken during Desert Storm, as they got into or out of their aircraft. As far as I can see, they are all wearing standard issue flight gear. Remember, the F-117 is designed primarily to be invisible to ground based radar. Hence, a little return from the cockpit wouldn't be that bad. Against an AWACS type aircraft, it would be very important. However, the only AWACS that the Iraqis had were three Il-76s with French radar stuffed into the rear cargo hatch. The only time they were airborne was to flee to Iran. BTW - if your friend really worked at the Skunk Works, he wouldn't be telling you this stuff. Otherwise, he might be seeing the inside of Fort Leavenworth for some time. All my friends who work there are vey closed mouth, and I am discreet enough to not ask questions. - ------------------------------------------------------------------- David Lednicer | "Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics" Analytical Methods, Inc. | email: dave@amiwest.com 2133 152nd Ave NE | tel: (206) 643-9090 Redmond, WA 98052 USA | fax: (206) 746-1299 ------------------------------ From: "Dr. Pepper" Date: Fri, 31 Jan 1997 17:01:58 -0600 Subject: RE: Speed of helicopter blades At 11:45 AM 1/31/97 -0800, you wrote: >>Well, I think it is more a case of some do, some don't. Near-supersonic >>blades have a very distinctive sound. snippy de doooooo >>---------- >>From: J. Pharabod[SMTP:PHARABOD@frcpn11.in2p3.fr] >>Sent: Friday, January 31, 1997 08:58 >>To: skunk-works@pmihwy.com >>Subject: Speed of helicopter blades ============================================================================ This is an interesting thread. I live in Ridgecrest, California, the bedroom community for the Navy at NAWC, China Lake. In the summer months, last year, I slept with the windows open. On FOUR different occasions at 03:30, I heard the sound of an approaching Helicopter, probably a Huey. I could hear it from a long distance away. As it approached "Point Bravo", I could hear a distinct change in the sound level. I could just barely hear the engine noise, but there was NO sound from the blades whatsoever. It proceeded up range, and returned exactly one hour later, and the sound changed back again at about the same place. The second time I heard this, I got up and went outside to listen to this chopper. Same thing! Does anyone know what it was I was hearing? PS, Although I'm not very familiar with Hueys, I have been in the aircraft business since 1949, so I'm not easily fooled. Dr. Pepper Good ALL the time Well, , , MOST of the time anyway ------------------------------ From: gj bart Date: Fri, 31 Jan 1997 16:04:06 -0800 (PST) Subject: Re: Skunk Works Digest V6 #12 > > Actually the Soviets did have a very rapid response capability. One of > the things they were always amazingly good at was how fast they could react or > moved with massive amount of resources. They didn't necessarily do it the way > we would or very efficiently, but you can do a lot when you're willing to throw > almost unlimited amounts of money at something, even if it means beggaring your > country. They maintained that almost to the end of the Soviet Union. What > they lacked in the 1950s was any practical delivery system against the US > directly. > > Art Hanley > > To those that wouldst query, > "Dost thou speaketh for thine > employer?", I say thee, "Nay"! Well, I'm very skeptical about this alleged "rapid mobilization" capability. The attempts to mobilize during the Polish rebellion of the early '80's come to mind...Equipment stolen or in complete disrepair, drunken officers, no trucks. You'd never see these items mentioned in SOVIET MILITARY POWER, however. gj ------------------------------ From: "Mike (tHe oRiGiNaL!)" Date: Sun, 02 Feb 1997 21:48:10 +0800 Subject: "Jetsons Here We Come" This is a multi-part message in MIME format. - --------------765E7EA311C6 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit - ----------------------------- LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE - ----------------------------- February 02, 1997AD - - - - - - Do you hate Traffic? (Don't We All?) Did you ever wish you could just fly-off out of traffic at 390mph and fly at a Maximum altitude of 30,000 Feet? Yes you can, and it's Now Here.. Well, Actually it has been here for quite a while.. The Moller SKYCAR (M400) Volantor Series I have been following it's development since 1989, ever since I saw it in a TV Science Program and in an article in the January 1991 issue of Popular Mechanics and subsequent articles in the Discover Science Magazine. The SKYCAR was invented by Dr. Paul Moller, and the working prototype I saw in 1989 was the Model M200X Volantor (it actually works!) a new prototype production model (M400) is now under developement and is being fitted with a new twin rotor engine in preperation for a mid-1997 lift-off! SKYCAR Specs: The SKYCAR is a 4 passenger VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) aircraft, it has 8 rotor engines and can carry 740lbs of weight at a cruise speed of 350Mph and a top speed of 390Mph, w/ a climb rate of 7800fpm (ft-per-min) at an operational ceiling of 30,000ft! uses ordinary automotive gas (15 miles to a gallon) w/ a range of 900Miles!, Can Land Anywhere, Fully Computer Controlled and Environment Friendly. But what about noise? - It hums and has a Noise Level of 65dba at 500ft. (about the sound of a cruising BMW) What if something goes wrong while in flight? - It will still Fly even if you loose a rotor engine (it has 8) (usually because of birds being sucked into the engine) What if All 8 rotor engines goes off? - It is fitted w/ an Emergency Parachute. Controls are quite easy.. You have a lever on your left-side for Altitude/Rate of Climb and a joystick on your right, move it forward and it will move forward, that's all to it! - - is this aircraft/car cool or what? I hope the SkyCar pushes thru production stage.. - - - - - - Check Out The Moller International WebSite: * URL: http://www.moller.com/~mi/skycar.htm - - - - - - Well, Until Then.. See You All in The Future! ________________________________________________________ MIKE MONTEALEGRE "The Truth is Out There, So Shall it Will Be Revealed.." Mailto:Mikemail@Skyinet.net DETF:970202-9:29p ________________________________________________________ "The Future is What We Do Today..." - - - - - - The SKYCAR (Moller 400 Volantor) - --------------765E7EA311C6 Content-Type: image/jpeg; name="skycar.jpg" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline; filename="skycar.jpg" /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD//gBKCgpDUkVBVE9SOiBYViBWZXJzaW9uIDMuMTBhICBS ZXY6IDEyLzI5Lzk0ICBRdWFsaXR5ID0gNzUsIFNtb290aGluZyA9IDAK/9sAQwAIBgYHBgUI BwcHCQkICgwUDQwLCwwZEhMPFB0aHx4dGhwcICQuJyAiLCMcHCg3KSwwMTQ0NB8nOT04Mjwu MzQy/9sAQwEJCQkMCwwYDQ0YMiEcITIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIy MjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIy/8AAEQgAwgGPAwEiAAIRAQMRAf/EAB8AAAEFAQEBAQEBAAAA AAAAAAABAgMEBQYHCAkKC//EALUQAAIBAwMCBAMFBQQEAAABfQECAwAEEQUSITFBBhNRYQci cRQygZGhCCNCscEVUtHwJDNicoIJChYXGBkaJSYnKCkqNDU2Nzg5OkNERUZHSElKU1RVVldY WVpjZGVmZ2hpanN0dXZ3eHl6g4SFhoeIiYqSk5SVlpeYmZqio6Slpqeoqaqys7S1tre4ubrC w8TFxsfIycrS09TV1tfY2drh4uPk5ebn6Onq8fLz9PX29/j5+v/EAB8BAAMBAQEBAQEBAQEA AAAAAAABAgMEBQYHCAkKC//EALURAAIBAgQEAwQHBQQEAAECdwABAgMRBAUhMQYSQVEHYXET IjKBCBRCkaGxwQkjM1LwFWJy0QoWJDThJfEXGBkaJicoKSo1Njc4OTpDREVGR0hJSlNUVVZX WFlaY2RlZmdoaWpzdHV2d3h5eoKDhIWGh4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWmp6ipqrKztLW2t7i5 usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uLj5OXm5+jp6vLz9PX29/j5+v/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8A8yYY QFch8YIxV7SrebyxMse4ntjJqowYZH8QOCaYt7PbsPInOB6Vm/Ik39YuJ7dxCUdCyj5gwxx0 /wDr0yG7ub6xa1SSR3UkKm3HToAfSoba6gmuxI8m4xpkBxwc9adBJczWpSxyWTLYzgnPb61C 7Mp+RvaPFqK2R8/eZVb5VYjn69qwdVJj1RHM7TyAk+UMkc/UCtay1GWz0SQ3MgklL4CnjB9P rU322wubRrmSPE5GRyN1TazuhaGUtml1DLd7SjBdyhk6e31rmrq3ube4JcbGfrxmu6neRtOl CS4Lk+TB3jI/+t/Ouam+3PGpeIAsnlOzfx/7XsaqLE9SOS3uY7WK6v4dyS5CSFsEY9AKkvJ7 aSzhUxqjwqwyvfPQn3qnGbpnMT7iY1LICcjn0pSEwZGQeaGxsJ61Y+ZmtomuQaZG0chjWS5J BuDksi9hViLxA1xmDUbd7iPtj5cfjiudSUJc5RFAzjBGRRc3/wB1Yy24deaLLsLmdrHWya1Z 2+n3VjLarLBgPFmT7uew4rj7qdJI4kSNQEzz3OTnmoJ7iW4IeRsvwA30pspVOByW61SVgcm9 y5FOkUQOM/LyGqnCfmk81iit1wM06SVWKvjgDBFQbt2O/rmgnUlQIPv7j/wKrFpNFFcKXTev pVEMScVcjRFhEjHkUCNq4WC8VpIIhCQMhW5FadikbWqbiryQjDLt4FYsOyKyLyMME9c/pUFj qnk3crgt83UetQ4t7Bcnu9HJvpGTKow3L8vWsiSCWFsMhAziup07UVmhRblssp+XHp71W163 V1juocnBxIo9fX6UJu9mFzJjhLRB3DEsMD5un1pkLzQtlT8w6VJa3NsseHUjnB56VXmZRIHG dpqgNc6g1xGBMoAU/fx2pB5c8L8K3l/dPQ1WgmRI1WSINC/3iOtJIUF6wiJWPbtJbnipA0op CtpIEbJ6sjd6o3JgdF8rcrY9e9OhnAMyucttxuHTNRMhREkZDg0bAWrfWZoGlLR8kYyGwOmK oNIPlHQ5xxUyJFMpVmIycZ9KckKiMMqbyByPekmk7hoVLkNIinAC+oGailCKgO3BPrWkhV4W B6DoDT2hQoCUDEUucZhgYz7VLGr7hsDFj6CrcVvIZ2Zx8n0qSMvA4Z2DEf3flrRMLklq9uZH iIbGP4+NpquNPeaaIISEdtoZuBTb2eFJ/wB2Dn+Lfzmkl1I4jES7Fi5APzUloAyW0MU3l7s7 fXvUDxM0hwMADPFLPePPMrNzj8KmSXZ98jDDAp3AhXYUZGbgDIq9BM9tFEwUMD6is4um8sOh GMVMJG8pUJOBQFyVHch2dsDtxTRO0ShyfmHvzUMTvg4k246ClfKuHKblNIC4l+kow0YyTkk9 RUtzF5FxDHGQyv8AMzAVnErw6AAv1Bq9Y3QM0aTP8oGMkUxaDkjEdyFaaMFPmGM/4VYluj9m kWchmc5BFPOnre3pZJgNxyvuKntrQPbywBkH73bljytRe41qZyS7FMjcqeMYxzWnFfHEMAAT eDghsAE1U1G2mtkSNzHgnOQvSs55WITAbj7vFG4HQ38EH2ZSVd4Tlvv4IA/hFcySN7mMbFLc CukiuYW0eSLGXZS21uoJ9BWA4iXavOSM04gS39yZ7qTfkEtztAx+lU2cKMbRt9qe9y0yKrFF ES5BVcFvrVbPG0dKa0KJo52Q5XGW4+lalrcSWsJm+zb0Q7nZW71hx5EoDdquWl9LaTebGASf vqw4P4UCubFu63dyDKhlSU5C9Pm9frVpEhBuY4opPNiPCSKAcfnWGdRZhLEsTBHO9Qp+4fY1 WjuJi2953y33sNyfrUuNx3R2gu11CNDA4CwkrgjBYldv8gKzWljjuRHdOzoq5WLIx+dOsbAL bWrLM5FwyhogcbTVHXbOOG7j23W3zBgFl2n68Z4qUlfQOhZ1O/igmiPkBAVyHXjIrGnvYnui 7EMpH3vepNSjhGnxvBcSTRqOGYcfSsQMM4C59q1ikTY6qO1tZoNjypGG+aNlOc1QvbWKEhSz OT0YDrWYkshVSilgp+XPQCn+fI7AsWJ9PT6UcoDpVKKuRjjNQuwyDhsCrsBN04SRTgNjis+d lDNGCeDimvMABGcHNKPlGTUO7I5609yRhfWnYB8ccjqZFXKjqasx+U0e5mIP93IqCKTy43G5 gr9QKb6HaOfakBbmuy1sIlACBt341VjZvMUhevWkMrBdgPH0qMuykHJ4oWgWNq7drNEdE8tm 79RTbTUJG8yOR8hxt59KoSTzXFuOWwhwM1XDEcc/hRYLGpHaIxk2yhto4H941CJCFaKWPAHS qqSNGwZSQe1P+0u8jO4yaLAO8xtu3J2joKkQPIQSD0z6ZqFQrDIJrU0rXpNHZngt7OUsMET2 yuB9Mii1wsiKFHLbSDz3rQeBBGcksB27VoxeN7uRQBp2k7h3+xJV2HxhdshDWel8/wDTkn+F TKL7r8f8h6ef4f5nPz26gqrAKHTcSD0quDsJ2uzl1xgA9foK6qfxXceVubTdKK45P2JOBWLP 4xuZYXC6VpMAb/lolkoYfQ1MYt9V+P8AkUrPv+H+ZVtdNv7uP9xZXD59IzW1aeGtdKYOmzfi V/xrOsvE/iSaLFndS4H90AVFJ4v8RxttbVLhT3GRx+lW4J7v8Dd0oJXVzfHg7W2QxfZgAe/n J/jVeTwHrkVtzbKzf9dk/wAaxG8a+Iv+gxcZ/wB+mN4x8QMMHWLr/vumoRXUm0OxafwhqrOD LFAvrmdP8akTwPfnG1rc+u6dazz4t8QE5/te6/7+N/jS/wDCVa8RltWvD/22Yf1o5Y9yl7N9 Bj6JqAkIFhPkHHCE0Hw/qjtmPT7oAdP3Zq5YeItWnuBHPq95GmclhcMK1H1dIsZ169JJxj7Q /wDjUvT/AIb/AIJMoU1rf+vuML/hFtbJGNLvSR/0wb/CrKeFtblGH0a7XH/TM1dh1V7q5WC3 vtQndjgBJG/xrpJNOm0/Qpby7vrlSVwoMrZY+3NNa/8ADf8ABNKdCNTY4oeDvELSZXSLofVK uL4K8RlAraXOAPUViz6jqAbm+uD/ANtW/wAarHUbw/8AL1cH6vT5V3M5RjF2aOjTwF4hLZNg 4I6ZNXofh5rMq4ktwM9MMK4sXtyW/wBdMfq1X7P7RJ87zMFUZNK0e/4FQhGbsonY23w88Q7x u8pQF2j5xwPwrUi+Gl+0pefUbZCWyy8sT+lefWuuanaN5kF7KnsWJFdr4f8AiQiSLDrMYZT/ AMtFGMU+SLd7sUVRejVvvNWT4YiaTzJtdjUnqohz/WpYfhfZQujnWY2ZOgMHH866+w8ReFbp A8d5AM/3qunxF4Ythk3lr0zgDNX7JG3JTeyPNNQ+HUttA81lfWt4QOIymxmHsQa84uLS4hvJ IZYXSRTyjDkCvoa48feE4QWEwfHPyoOBXn3inXNI1zUor3S0KuU2ykoBuqJR5VdGVSEbXSPL mK7xxxjBphPzDgnNKeW4piOVYcdPWixykhlGckUhl7jrTGFMAJJHHFFgLUNwYycDkDFMilSO QlcD0qNVO48jmowMMeBxRYDY8y5eJJIJHARsE56E9aXV1u7kJKWaVY02lhzWUZpEt1C7grcs O1WtP1CWBiAx2N95TyKVrbA9SeweG4spbWdJBzuDj1rMkURPgdqtxXX2e5eTkof4QcVDeyo8 oMeCG+9TWgFdGYcKxHt2oZnD5Gc0owzcfrTG6dTmmBPDOYptwztznrT7opIQwADFc8etVOac D8oYdj39KLAAwakxkDg5FRqp9KtRBvLYkdTimBGuGG0cH3p5yACccHFNJ2uCAQDT2UsMAHP3 sdzWYiEjcSQOgzTThsbu9Txwuwc9ABjJqJhsxkYwM1QxA5RWUE9c01Ce9SMv7pmpiqWODTuB KFzt4pFPX3p4+aIYzkHFIww2B64pATQRodi5x6k0SW2yUgliPYdaXnhMDIqznLpuOCozmlcV ypGQHATPNXIJW3bd3zdhjrRFbyXMgSCMFh6VpiG300bjtec9s8D6UnqbUqUqnoL5UcNoz3RI UjCp3asad5L24WONMD+FQP50txcSXMu52Zs9B2H0rqfC+hneJ5UO/GRmiKtsd1OgrqK27mp4 c0A21qJG54yTXGa4El1O5eMYUyYx7V6D4h1UWNgLWAbGYYOO1edTtks3UnmqbsbSimtNkZTJ 7Co9tW2Q+lNEe7oKLnDKBXw1Wbe1eeQKAef0qeK3LEALkmt6xs/s46fN/FScux0YbCOo9SpL pqQae7qhYoMkmotK0S51abCRlIlOS5Fdjp2kyXJxIhKsMBP71ddbQWmg2qvIIzMPuxZGE/xp R5mdWIwlOUlbp0M/R9BsfD9j9puk2grnb/E/19K5LxXrU+p3rKzAQp91F6CtDXNcnuZWy3zE 8HOcD6VyUzFuTk56+tNtLRGypKKMyZMnJqARZ7VoMmRnFOSEE4ApJ2OOdHmkV7e0LN92tC8I ttPZV4LDaKs20Cxjvms3XZNpijB/2j9KV7uxvKkqFFvqZBIzw/FOjDOWJzz2BxUbYPQVLbgZ AwOferPCuWoxIrKEBK+1aENzFI+xhvfPPsKpLIUABjKgHH1ps7bGZShDH7p4G6sxcz7mrPmS GeWJFMXl4DZ70lv5kNoJk3FgcFRWbFK7WLq+QwPzHOMD6VvadLEYGjkDZIBBApNcsR9DlSNp ytNZiy7tx3fSppopIsb0Iz61WAJPHQdfatQEJyuO9NJOSfWnSDBwKQEMQG70CEDY+XPFDMCx YdTTiNqkFeRS8CPcE+agASQvEY2H0puDnOaMgDIBprk9gaEAhY8570n3scYUUN0zQrHGOM1Q DsEfLjimn5ulT7Pn3O3GM1XBw2e1LQB21sZwaaDj6VNGd52luaaybTijUAVT61b2MLaLGck7 qqKTuA9a1buJbYQfM0ZMYYfjSApzxfMpLfJnFSxlQ2JpSjD5QcUk8LeYqDlXXKkVOq5u0gkY iPbndgZNS3cQ5YcW8romMDJAOQKpsvnGNixLMMMAOlbdukkE1xFGQsK/LyucmqTW4VRIkWxp QSc8YxSTAzkOZGR1OO2KcIjuwFOcZx61Y8pfLBB+UfdbvWhb6bc3dsDBExIPyk8EiquNamMg fYBtzk5HvTlhlLBvLYgnPAr0rw14H1WSaC5eKFo1/hkGf6V6fZeGika747KIeiwAmnaTN1CF tWfOCWdxI2UidvcKSa0tL8N6jqMoJR4o1PJPcV9Jx6DDGuTNj/ciVaf9jtYxxdz4PUDaP6Uc kgShF3ep4W2iPZwiGN4oCf43bBrHvNDeMbvttvIfbJP8q+gJtOtyCDKjntviVqw73RvMZQ62 eB0/dhCabg0ehTxFOa5bWPINI0JnuEeUHjouK7YRJp1k0rLtwvU1FdwNp188S2e4qu4YckEe tZ+o69btZtb3drIwYbeZKErHQ+VKyOV1C8kvbhpJCST1rNbrgjHOKsXE0aAtnAPrTIbwwW5u 1RTiTbhl61m7t3IqThflIPszuflViPXFTJYy5A8mQ5/2TXonhbxpaX6rbz2Nosm3BBiHJrr1 1G1kwFtoQR/sVbg+jREOSSukeP2NhtIZh8zdMkV1+maCkaq8ksTSn7oL/Kn09a7f7XGRlYk4 6cGgTAn5bRTjphBQqb6tHQqzStFFTSDZ6exWbMkx6Yxx+eKnurzSZ5d0lrcbj1O5TVoW81yN v2FCv+0v9ailFvaq2+O3DKcYC5NWjO95XdzhvEiW082INLuQP+eocA/kM1x81ujMeHVh6162 dThaQJDb7ieyoMVcg8OW15++urCFN3QAc1nKDexuqqivfTPGP7Nm8kSBVKn0YGlt7Vgxyjce 1e0XWgeF7MN59lGGH8StjFcbqd74aRWSysJS3r5vFJwktWOE4zd4ps5HZk4II+vFcrqkpl1C U/wZ2iu8/tK1jyf7PRgOu9ya5C/t/tN68tvZ+QpHQHPNJWTvc5syk1TS2MU8AHHWpV3IA+0k D0q2NIuHAAQ8VJHpNyBnoPQmnzLueHcdZ3BdxHkhgOMjvU0yCNWmKhgFxlh0PtU8GnFCH+ZW H90ZrSSGCOJ0e1aYH+Fqzcl0JucrEyOXHO/OAxPLfhXQWMe0faFkhBA2hXfGaW40pJUQW1gk BU5yCTW1pYks4GDWSyknP7wA4/SqcrrQrpYZ4l0eO5lRkwjkcN3Pt6Vx17YiCRVTcFWPJ3DG TXdQSRNEtpdbpQDuP+yfrVhrSO8DA2imPoGZsk1zRm4qxs9TzBonXkjvj6VILXcwwMEdjXXX +gOlsZIIdzFuQRzWJJpjsrSBCsy9QTiuiNS5nyma1qW6HkdaYtvIOCrfhV6KF0BkkjIx1GDS yRt5PmRMwPtVcxJmKUHyt1zjFRyrtmwpOKsMsjr+9h2nd1HWmSKd4wCGJxg1aaQEKkFhkEA0 4IrKccMDjnpUzR/ugSjDDbelTm1Zol+QsxO4g8GjmAimYMv3McYqkVIxnoRnNalxavK0XlRn BXBz2NSS2UpEX3VfGCp6UlJIDJQdSOop3JHPWtU6JJlSkignrlajOjXXbaQehB60c6Ao26mS aNQDkkD861NfVorxIZYvmiiUD34zSWemT21zFPOu1QQeo7Vo+IZbbVNVku4ldY5FC4A5GBji k5IeljFR5bpVjjA/d8jntTzcCXZvjIkQYFWLyylV2ngX5WQH5R0zVZ7Z2Tdhg6dcg5P0o5kK xajmMUkgjVij8+pFaKWkupWkI5jdSdzSdADUelaY6bbi5yGIwkfc/WuusdCnnjSa4MkMH8Ax 0+nrQotgZFnpNoJUQRySuBsG1cnP0r0DQfDNzA8bzRxZxlUcZ/D61BpUUOmS7YELEc7uprtL O+uZ4gTaEsDuDcVa90unG/mZ323UHnaCJPKCHB+XGK1bSSeOPLOAQM4IrMutWJ1BtuxZAMEH ua17JXuY2UmJlkXkqORWt7qxpydiC41O5EZ2/wD66pw317I/3Dj6VXvr62s7sxeYTt6Zq/p2 tQzrhWUH3FUvIzbV7MSSdwMgHd7is/U7kS2gMkWShwCp5rp1ltJ2HmzRNnsOtNvNPtXgK4Vs nIxxUu/U3pyipI8y1Cy3uLmznmWZRkh24I9PpXEavDHb3Ukd0RuBBAPoa9vk0CzmVdiTRZXl iAR/OvMPiVpVmt9b/ZpGe8RCsybRwB93vWTTe56MsQlFKKuzzrUJE8wLCDsqxfL9nsrW3HBV QzfU1Np2jXOoXgwgWKP7zMcVo65oskbtc8NGSF4OcYqGc0ac580rbnM208ltcLLESGXoRXsf h3xGJLW3MkaMD1bFeOOnltxiuy8FzLNF9ncnCnAq07BhG1UcJHtVtPp7x5i+fnGAtX4FmlH7 q12oehYYrL03ULDTrVEcpG5HzZO45/GulWVSltMHaWOfHz4xtyuRxV+ZdWXK7IjSzYkGaU89 lqG50yxMmfsxfJJLHtiol1zTbrT7m4hvGUW6lXOw8MO1QCW1v5LEC+eWF4nkZw2MkdaLdzNc 25FcJZ2sglIit1AyQOoH0rndX8Xw26GG1HPY56Vfu9CivfEUapI62UcCzyKJNxkJJAUE89qw dS8NSSeL2NrZ5sIXj82MnOAetQ5uOyOmi6c377OZ1LxDcX0YiziEdh/FWMzE5Bwc1a1dohqt z5ChY/MwAOgHtRpOntqV4sTcRK2ZWz29PrWE5vqenzwhDm6F7RNGN8pu50PlZxGMff8Af6Vv JoduV/490J/3a2re4W2hWOJAEQbQMfdFTreKxBb5SfQVyttng4mqq0730MH+w4MZ8gL/AMBp 66RaovMKkf7ldDHOjpyzVKJ4/L2lvl9dtLlOfkh3Odi0y3k+VIVP/AKnXSY858hM/wC7W2Nv RSN30xTvKkIyrp+dPlHyRMVNNG3mKP8A75qSPTFl4ESf981tpbOwwRj8RThCVJxxj0IosPkR 49ZPHBZTm5RpWj7Buv41NBq0cflBW3HOAo5q/D4V1RPMxcRqrPyCOcUyLwVNHcGRrzkHIEaY q3y9WL2cx08khRHc7eQTjvntWfNbwXBlkmjUyk48wf4V1VtogSZW2vK6kMGb1FVNVaw024V7 lMzSnKqgweuOlTHXYfsZM42S3uIZJECNj86aoUDbNbnHstdQutRhCsWm5Pckc1ah1GdzlNMi H+9n/Cr942WX1X0OL/syV0z5LNznpUsWiSTwB2tWLA5LAV2a6hqA4+xwAewP+FNN/qL7iqRo G6qB/wDWppSZay+fU5X/AIRuUjYEcDr92nw+F7xWUCPJIwTiupN1qWciNMeuTx+lSi6vtoP+ jMfQOc/yp8k+5X9nPucyPCFyDl3Y56jIqZfCgYYkyQOi4/rXRf2lfRkH7FE5PoasW+oXEh3P pPHtIKr2Uu4nl/Y5n/hHFVhzIcehqQ+GoEdXZWwOik9K7RL20cfNp5B/2WB/rUd2EwTbgK3b etDoVOjM/qfY5NfDtvKDst8+gbpUy+Fwi/Nbxj/gQrRlfUVm/wCPGOUf9Mn/AMcVOJdQchTp s8ZPrIKz9nMp4Oa7GU2hFTkLGqHAOQMcVz91e2qXDQRIHKnG/aMV0et2OqSxxw21s/zDLGME 4rFtPD2oQzKZdNuJEYdTE3X8qdOKi9WVSwXNrM3fDtnpjhbi5lUt/CH4z9K6aURSYKKGUfdO eB+FcTcWV2EXFvIijplCcfhUMN7fWLYEjqP7rcfzrrT0LlgL6xZ0moatp+mSMjktN6IMYqSx 8Uxwac0xLmTAVQ3TmuSvJlvLhpplAdupA21JK1tLb+XFG6DIPBz0+lXHlsc/1SvDRIu2zXmr XpazWRnD7mYdAfeu08M/bmuxbk+XHEf3jZ6j2rJ8Na1pGkaWbeRpEnY5djHjNbljrmiR5k+1 qrv1Xaa0lqZ+xqQXvJmhr/h1NQhmvrNP3+Mug/5af4Vxekecb7Z5MnXGMYr0O21yxYqv2mMH b3OK5/xFq+n6S8l2zo4YfLEjgc01dIzcXfVGPqPiLS/DKgXYM1wcn7PGQCoHc81nv8WRPaFb XTFjx91mevLr+4utTvprqYHMrFiCegPb6UkAA2RBgB3zUuolojTD0W53lsemt8Q9T1WA2SRF ARhfJXLH88Vg3enE+bcXV8Q5GBGx3u31qgmsWthZ/ZkuFj3ffIPzN/hVL/hJbK2y0e6SQ/xF P/r1m7y0Z6LqU6T93Qjg1iFYjGyMGUkbR3x60Ta3CYZFNvnePvbiOfpWAksiSPep8ysxyGHT NRy3U1y+AFX2pHP9ZfL7xHNKCcjNa/h2+mtZJGibYxHGPWsRo3UZYVe0xvLJJ70nojGhO9ZN nVtfzyszPKzE9ya6q0+IN5ZywtHCGjS0S3MbNxlejD3xXALN704Sk+tZKcke2+SfxI6S48Qz z6UNOCKkRkMrsuQZGPrz0p1r4o1CxFsLaRU+zhgp29Q33s1zQlz3p/mUc7KUadrWNy+8Ralf 3YuZbplk27MxjZgZJHT61H/bmo+bJKL2ZZZBtdg33h2zWQHzUgJbGO/FJzl1Y4U6aVklYnhj lu7hYkBZ5D/k132m6ZBY2qwjAbO52xyTVPwzo8dnbm6uBtmcYAI+6K6NBbhN4yx+lc8m5M8v G1+Z+zjsV1xt/wBZ09uv1qVJFEY4JI9RVmJI3+UR4PuKc3lRjkkt7CoWh5/KRkyAAoACfWjG 5cbxj0GKepVgBsIIoWADbiEfN3xTuFixnKYUDPrmnxLLjAAB96hWJiM8j6LU6xEtuLNmjmLs SKJP4gBUgjBx09+KYoTGcH8acZAv3TT5yjNAtRCBIshOOSvrSRvC7lkhlBP97ih5CCcBsD9a aWl7qxyM/McUrmnMSiRg+BGpHucV5Z43vQ+qSyZy/nbUPoiD/GvRdQuvs2nyTMqBtuB7mvI9 fguJrgzlS0Y4BHPHet6K+0aQTabR3GiX9rdWSSyREFxk4rZUwquQpH1avPNFuxb6dGjllZTy PatFtWldMQwsf96uhSXU9KEXKK7nYNc26DLFR/wLNYmr+JobEBIESScjPI4A96wy99MfmDgY zwMVi+bsjvLyQszP+5TJ/WmprZE1U4q52FjeanqqCU3USRP1AWugs9L80ssupSID0ZAB/SvO vBuqtb3wt3XfHjIUmvTvNhuEAVNoPcUWXUinU5qd0SDRrMqA+qXZI9GFN/4R7Ts86rdkf74F MaOJcZfr71C9xZoeXzzgY71VkO0u/wCBdg0DSYul/cf9/sf0qUaLpIb57uaQ+83FYxvYQxWO BmIx+tRG7kPSNY1zgnHQ+lJKCH7Ko92bkmm6InW5lB/2ZDUTW2jLjF3dZH+3XPTS3RcIEfJA IwuM59utCWGqSuFW1nJIJ+6e1Nyixqi+sjeY6Vn5b67XJ5IkPSkSeJDiDWL1WHZtjCscaZcR XHlXME3mYyEIxWn5FpYxLNc20cSfwx/3vrQ5X/4dicIrrc0YnuZW/wCPpLn/AHolB/PdSXGk yXDb/LuoD/0zuP8AE1z+o+IzBblLORYg3RVwf6Vy0+rX05+a6lx/vkVMnFbjhRm9tDtbjwzq OSbaXzMf8/Fv/hmsqfTdWsXMlzpVvcgdjHkfoRXJteSDOJW5/wA+tT2eotaSGdkEkh/vDI/K oduhtyyj1TNQgyyl2shboP4IsgfqTVjy4BIJLN5CR/CV5rLl8U3sgIURrn/YFZtxq15P96Ug f3V4/Wqi0tzNtvyOwvdRht8TXd8wIGNuQx/QVxus6xLqMxZmfYPugkf4VRdyTkkk+tV2JPWm 5u1kc7XK7kcsh9P1qpIzZJBx6VZI9arvg1Jz1G2Uzye+fU1GVPuPoaskAHOKibFUcEo63J7C ZcNbSfckHX0NQyxvBcHhgw7Uxh+nTFWmuXnRFmXeU/jHU/WgqNnDlZFKTJEpTPzHFOjbyxim 7m27VGFByKUQSYyRge9JtdRr3dUWBdY6k09b3nHNQQ2Us57D3NXbHRzdXhgLtkEDAHXNLQ6I e3lsiNbxOxJ/CpBeoT97j1q8NGt4pGD7ztOCGOOa6Xwv4UsL+V57i13wRjaBn7xqJSjE6uWv CPNJo5eGQMBz1rrvCOi/2jdC7lTNvFyPRmrqrfwhoUb749Gi3L2LFh/Ot+3t/ItgkKQwJ2QA Vg6l9iJYx8vLYj8oKnz7CwGAKc0IIZDtAPTZT2jiLDzHUk9wOKVRbhhtzx61Bx3Gi0iTLL5h YejVIIIXfOxyfpTlmXkInX1qQGXdwAPoaNNhDBbhVMiAKR2NNbdgAucdtoqfLlgTKvvzSh41 Kjdn8KmyQyJY5SfllYj6VL5TYyGYfUU7ztp4+WgzB14Y/wDfVHujDyHc/dwKeYioyxWo/MIO MmkzJu6gD607IV0Yqh8ndxjpmkvdQe1spbl8ful4B61q/YjKdkSsze9cHrUcsWoyRXZaRlPy oxwqD29auFOUnuXRouUrXMuXUr7VZBIQfMf8hTjpwMe68uS3+xGMClkmc/KJFUDpimiMPyJN 9dajbc9eMIxVkOWKziGEiA96lE8K/dAH0FUnTHrUbM0cbSEkKO5xT5V2HzLqzSkvEWJ8JzjA 5rk9Vs5Ut4o1UCFBndkda3bcZVJsFiV3be1TebERk20eT1JX+lO1yJK6OI0xmtdWic8fNg16 HBK3y7pHVe+K4XUIxbagQOAHzXc2MqxBXaVBE4yckZoMsN7jlE0xBJNCjgSNn0Fdn4f0Swut Fh+1wosokJyxAOBWRot1pk13BZzTMQ2fuv0x610d3Fp9mbUJbF1knEYYSBgB3zzVb7mdeq/g V0aRtbGNn+xw2olYAjcBjiquoaRY3NtNFEIEbzd5JHf0rH8Wa7B4d05WsrZZJLgkLIRlVx2z 2NVf+Eqtl8NprrxAXTxmERbflMg707RvY5Yxny86bsdC9vbG4tLtJbdBEo3jZlvzqeTVbNbv ck24rGRtXOST+FYEOqav/ZemyabYW8izjfPJJ91TUWg3htRc31/PBA91OQsTtwqD04oTV7BK O7kxfEGupIFeyhkuJljAMaLkqTnrj6V5lrF9qM92ftyyRuekbjGB6iu30ua30K58QNc3kkMf nokbxsCcHPI9ua5rx3qEd5qVv5comSOEKJM5zn1rOV9zrw01GfIlddzmGcbicZ9M1BJJjpmh m4ojTedx4X0NYvU9Ny7BFHk7m602V/m46VLI+EzkVRdyTmqMpSH7hUZbNJk03IoMJMGNRNTn cDvUTzIP4qoxk0I30qB8ChrgVXecmqOOpNDmx6VA2KDMTTCSaZyykgJzT48t3200IxGf61et oIjjzZBz6LSbsKLVxIY2cgIh59RWjDZgfNIxLf3c1bs5LAcGCWQr71v2E1sjKI9NDA92Xmue VRrodUMRRh3bMSC2lk+WGB2HqFq0ttd6Xe2upPFsQOoOe9dWuotBFhkSP1yoGK5zUdcm112s 7GFVtywEkxH3yPT0qYzk2bxxkqjUIxOl1fw3A2pC6e52x3CiZVUDqa17J4NLskgjVwiDg4+8 feuQtbmzsijXbS6hKoAAdyEAHpWzH4zt0Tami2ij8TVyp8zuma1KNWStc6ZrskBh8o74zUcs 6qQ5kVcdQByK5WXxdE2QdNhXHUISP61padqKX9o0yQ+Q38O5t2786xnTcdWzkq0J043ZuC7i 8tSdzD2NWjdRMoEaAE+orJjKBV3jA9RUgntzjb5xx6VldHOpdy7Jcgpumlx7gUQzwljmZvm6 U1GicZCkf7JFTOwCHCqDjIJFPQq5KgRjgtn6LSxzwYHXI9qhtWYjIY7s461MnmBMbF3ewpJI dywl3G52Km0fSnuzDJATA7BabGzrgkIufWp4ZvugYVj1AGaEr7laFUSPIgZYyc98U4RyBhvT r71ZZ5BKMp8o9OlDhCN0hIz05p8vmHKLDqVoBBIeGDbWzxXkXj/WVj8W3SxFGUdMCt+5vn3b TIRv5+lcprOi2N9K1w9y8czda6YVbKzRnTr8jujHGtyZyCij6CmnWJSMeZ/Ss260iSBv3dws qdiRjNZz+bGgdlYKcYP1rdSvszf6610NxtVlbpKahl1GSSN03kg9iawfOIOCTQJSe5p2l3E8 Xc6Syu7+e33QscDjGeRSXF5qMa/O0gGM5yK59biWMNskYbjk4NaFxak6dFc+a77xtYE0a9yo 4mUo2RBNdySyq0jFiW5roo5tyKDzgYx2rlraJZJmDluFyK2YpsDGaUjXA1PebkdHpGsz6RfJ d2+wumcBlyDmte58d6nO8RjSCBYpPMVY04Le9cWJsDOaBNnvUqUkrXO+apzaclc6CbxFfz21 xbSTboJpDKY2GfmPoewqq2p3LWaWhmc26OZBGegJrLEme9HmUm7miUFayNePWb+G3ECXcqwj gIG4qq95LMFDyO4XIXe2cA1S8ynI2ad3a1wtC97altp3c8sxB6jd19KiaQngknGAPwpmaqXt 4sCYzhqjVjnOMI8zJ/PXf8x49qkN4p46CueN6+c1E922cZxV8h5rzGPQ3Zb4HjjFVjdg96xh M7dc0gdzxg59KvlOaWPcjVe9HbNQteEnANUVSRjjaxPpipVs53OVQ0WRjPFTY57onvURmJ6i rS6VMw6nPp3qT+yZExuU89KXNHuYupJ7szy5JxmmruPUVsppDlj+6Y47CtCw8NzXDY8s7T27 0vaIltswYLGWbohNasGh4Akkkye4HatQaJe2z8wyoo6nHStTTtOMzMjzpG69AR96sp1L7Cuz Aj0lFwdowf7y1es9Mmi2yRQRN7bcgV1a6QPKRTliTjOKtw2Kpt2xlVJwTWEqpXKcx5F2iAiO Mevlx4qGe8vrV0AQtj0WuzNl5TbRk8Z61Xa3lcjK5J/2ahTXUfIcLeapeXVpLCbWU7l27wpz iqVmNTj2QtaSgHkYXFejx6bdmJWOcHrhaaulTGZS6S7l+6Q3FVGso7IulKdJ3icjBa3Ux2rG w/3hirT6PeKcFQPxrtk0oNDueP5/RjmrKW0gVSpGV6ZWlKs3sd39oVX2OMsfDssh3TMWVTuV F6MK3o7GQRmJEK7RkYHStdGKlv3e0H5en3anjMKL5glbIGDzWcm5bs5KlWVR3kzNW1lQ8722 9u1PRHiBVS7kjOT0rUDIwUIpIPWpI7R9i46Z5JHapsZ2MtpMx7n3mTOOBU0Ny5G14WZQMAit E24UZJ5znrRiJPnY4X2HFPULFVR95UhwpOQc8j60pm2qUjZww/iDZqRmtvny5Xd6VCGiUMUJ J9MU7sLllLnYgUlmI7mrUd6qnBKAr781k7E8vcWI5xUT70YHIY9ztpKfcfMbDX8z5I6+nrSn UZAq7VXnsVrMaWR2C+WAg6MKQNJGRvzntVOp2K5mcRNI7ZznK9hWLdyMRk5J960ZkkJYxoxk P3vSqU9hNIp3ggjsK3ic1ivo1/Y22uW41S3M9tI21lDdPpUXjKzhh1mafS0UWRAIVGDbQOvF EWlTwahFdEbo1P3Tyc1ceFYXmfy1ZXVo0VVwcN1ya6YOKQ1e1mzhjErjcTgU1lx0rXOjzqBv zg1G+lsqhsHBp8y7i1Mrp0rd05hdaLcQfxR/MoPce1Uf7Pk4+TINCRy2rhkyvYgHrVJpmlOf JK5EnyOxHpipftGOmarzyl2OF25qHec45odmae2s/dND7UMYyaBdAd6z8n0P5daAzkfcosiv rUjTF2B3NP8Ataf3qzEgmlUskbsB1IFO8ifJBiYH0IPNLTuUsXURqx3SE43VciIbGCOfcVV0 zRvtTDzfNXPotdMvhBFjV1nuBzjBbn+VYzqQj1N6WNa3RlxRPM4REJP06VYk8HiWbMt07V0t vo8FpbhYycN1Yt81XIbFhOQJXcj/AGOtYSq/ysnE4p1tFscvF4EtgQGlc5OKsN4GsFKEXGwY ySa6mG3WWIhQ+9TkipHsI32qYdjYxjPFR7WXc5LLscpF4U01gVMvzDrxTH8KWij+o611ws0g JLMq7hls9aAluqnfGxAGcjpR7WXcLI5yDwzZKpULIzgZ4PNW4vDtuyrgFXYZxW9Bd2qyh9id NpweTUkF/aykhVXKtjOeRScpPqK8TDXwzHNhDEUf+Jv8KvW2hJFiO5RDt6HbyPrWzBK7k+XG Qp6GpnWdm2hAozjdkZP1qW2+o9DB/syzt2Mqw8HtjmpoLK2iUyeUyFfuitaSCQqCSo/pUaRk sd82cnGMUczCxRYS7DEikgd2HWoJLONZEYQjpncqVrNIsMasyAZODmnG6XgxpvU/KQDS52Ox mCW3Q/63Cg5GRg1f8u1miWVHYrnOM1HcAOjYgjJHQNyT9KkhUrDvj27G6qP4aQrgphJXKYLJ kZqwoUI22M9cA+tUd1wyK6rk9OahkvJLVcvHIOORjofagdzaU7kUEMuPcU14h93OCO24ZrJh uGvkQgugP3iUxVn7CFkR2l++cHJ5p8yC9yzlQ42ttY/7PFETO7YlJI+lOSCJUYmYs4p5nGSq nLDtihLuO6I9iozBs/McknpURjeONi4iAzjGM/yp8dwVmzgKPRumKS6uIo3PlxrtJ28YHNFi RVumAwhXcvUAdKkLzMSQ+QRlg3GKqTiTdliuQcEjvSP5s0LpMcI4xuBwamLC7J57oo4UsMmo JL6SNSpAYDsOlC28X2cRo5IH8LfN+tTJYtuJPyg9DtzUtsb1M9hvcZlwCcY9Pc1IF/fsQxAz jrV77FGZE3DDFto9x71PFHCm5ZI8cdcd6FrsLlKHlOq8/dzuyatFU8uNB0P3m9PrVvbAwGdx yMYPSmRwxpcFnUDHVs9fwqrD5SDJhIR06nAx0qaQKQNr7wOOnNKyMz9CpVuM1Vkjnb7igtnO M4ocrBYyl0abYUEWM45HXmoJtKkLlnKqpbbyvNdo3yAMrHBx+lRS2kcrHCAAc9a0vYvlRxMm l7CFIJx82BVdtNZwojth1zz3rtZrNUYDBORjPeoXigAVSjl1OAOlTzSRPIcPLok05KrGoK9c iq83hu7NvgxpuxlAK9BMccICbVy3XpkVUdxMVBRY2jPcdqrnaJ5EcInhG4kZI3lVM+oqzF8P hJAPNnyxGQAOtdnIJRseKMOwGTkUm+cLGEGVYY2Z+7R7V9wUYrocfP8ADuxEWfM53Z/Co0+H +nG+iGXMZ9K7aSBs5R9w2dD1zVUQTLjbujA5yPT1o9pLuP5HNDwdpFpL5i27OFOArNUq+H9L QM0cEaMeoZev0roAhkU7pFOfRf1pkltbbY8qWA7jrUym2FzNttNtEjlhihTBODxTBo5FyiNG DGvbaP51oR2kc8/yuyO44HvU8kZUgMxbPcmo5mBDJZwpEoUIGHXaOlSxxRb13sJOc4NV3ukU qdgz9ev1q7DcxvIWIx6YFLRiuLJDHvPlRgL2qNwnms+SWbsD0pkjzmYRbwqEZyFz/KmRWl67 urSooxnGPmFMZYWWKOPCkCTvjqKS6cvD5gYblp0dgC+N4Rh0b+9T3s0dwjSquBk4AouPUzZ2 y28Pg424NRrDL90uQGGACOK2Et4I4xl0bLdcdKbK8IXOQQn3T2pWZNjJg0/IxKq8t8jYxj61 oQ2NusKukQ3Y5wOppPtlmrZZug6H1qK4uSpJifay9VJqg0LRLn5SMOhwF6ZoLXPz7ioHQZ65 qtG887hzJ905zkZpubgIyTQvIu779CdwuXf3ZJWRn298VXmPlkbMlAOo65pfsBJCjzI27/NT 1tbhHdSRtXrlaLhqEd5GItpUsBxgjJzTft8CFEVchxxx3q9bQwGTDMAWHcd6Y4iiALqvyjKn AqrsPmVog8m5fLPP3SeoqRIvLDk7lB6jsKab1d6g5JHTjFOW5DoHbncMstK9haC4RYsAM5Jy M1PEiNkvL17MeaoyyY2yLux3x2qB3uGZEw/uQKVw5jVmO2IlVz6AHAqjdKk8BcSKhUfJu4ya r+ZcMmwswbuPSqtws0kQCtvDtn5uNop8yFzFtGKROXkO49weKBKZEEkTnOcEiorW2ZQrSJtL feGcir6WSeTuVzGQOV7A1LuwT7leO5mYFZYySF28c5FWYYAkIbhiecEUwXE1usam3Vj/AHgc Y+tPWYybtzeVjuy8UaoCWOJduMbixznNW0EQG6cqFXsRWXGX8khpwwxkGphcxpbhgdy7trE9 qF5lJovFreRCqBQT0Pem/a2RAhySvTNUxcBXy7JuH3QV6fWmPL5zK7MqkdRRfsK5pi6jlWMq ArkHHsRVc3hXBLBl7k1k3CzuCVcoNhAK9iaZcwX7bDHtEmcMzDGKG0LmZum4UurqMr7Ypjss sLlsbs4wO9ZVtDcx7RNMoPovSr0bwxurOpJDcY6UPUak+pbj3EF/mwTkAnk1KkUBgBKkH1HW qD3Ee0FF+9056VZs7qLawRcY+9zQkUpdzS5O3PTOKiDlZGAQkZxnPFKAAB5JIwc4NQPHKyBw NjA5K5rRyfQ0uSzKxk35YqemKrywuSHaQgkenINNjl8iHDZDHpzmlN7vj3hsn+IEVLldAOW0 EgKyOHDHBZRtIpEs/Jd5mzICcYLcj3pUuYlidIyxdh696bHe7mYmI4KbT6Uua3UWgscoDFFj 9STnjAqFJCpdkjQv3HpU7OcshVcYIyRjrUAR45CrBW98cn60m+waEImuJJWDKEkVscdDSteI pLOvA5wen0+lQzxSpIXXJYHd1prW000wjZBsY4Yd6V0TqJNcRvcFCojQjAx6f40RzQSuFzjB x1omsojGEmYgA/eHXFSQ6TCjLJESABz9aNRcr7kEtyNpcMpK42pjHWnRyRbBLsYsP4TVyRYI WBEKnkDnqcU638uNxsRRnt1oaYWK7W8TfM0K89BtqwSm0IsYBPqKiWd2kXdgevpRM6GQESDc OooQyTyiCqsQhAx8oxULWsbSl4ZSwZsMc84qSS8j+VVKtu6PmiK8iMXyx7TtJyPUUxaDpERn ba2Aegxz+FRCyRFbdJkNyTjnFLI8c8aFGcEfxBaeyOWCBzhRhqdhlURBcLHA7qTk1P8AZd8Q Yx7VBwVYVNaC5WIGdxx6CnxyuzMj5wxycmnYRnvZPC2/ACN3K042sMkYZoo5Cxxuq2/KlJJP k7A+/Wo5IIpMbJAgUfKAOM0WsBUa2SBRgL70ouUhUKyEcc85Gakkt2OFfOT6VRkjgjjwu/Gc ZxmpTDYsyXyPHujyW96ik1SSYBgAecHBqgto0GBbsXJ7HrVyKCQxoREqrnJGOaTb6EWaI5C8 8jZDq46YJqCSRnMcIDsS2PrV8xzbXYK3lAZ255NTi1iliaM74znIGen0NP5jKcqT8ADgHB6Z FMmDBhIZCoAwcdverc1lFHGR+9JBzuz1pqx7CTgcjbtPO4UWJE3Qxh5G/wBW3apIxGzrtlkj 9yeKPP8ALGYlQx/3TzUSv5jeY8SgHoM0Idyyyxo/mLLuYfr9aqu85O1UVVPUlaLgpHMVSMkj HHrmrCxNF+8yQO4POKAKjPI8bB2wB3zU8ExRRHnj16k/WpgIZA0aRoc/ezVSS3CEqu7Pai7C xPOyIDmTbg/MQM496qG/jVtqOWduq44qGRXKopywKbSf8agJljj3JGJA3VCMEfSk5dhGg8yZ BjYJMDwdmeKinhvdzYkO3qCAMn6iiGZhApEbKp7Ht+Nalv5kgAC+XlNvI7091uNWZQtIb37G TJGJMtkj2+tPhtHEhkkVkIGcdasTy3SSr5LbcHBUmll1B4CY2jV5Cf4TgYo0e7HcfHEr7gZg CeFB6bv8Kikt7pIwhYK+OcjduNOZhkgrGHA3KMVKoWUKbhnMo+9notADYrYSQ+UIzvAyHA4P 0qO4t2giDRMrgLkjPNXPtCMzRiTAAwD0xVV4Fdz++2lhg88UrO2gyo0LEpJ5ZAH8INJCZC/E bpnPBHWrEbGGLaylio2EZ7VLYyBCGUuWGeCaQrIubj9r6mn3jHyWOTmiitCypen/AERD32VP MoFixAGaKKgsrJ0z3rQsxmJs0UUAOUZx/vUu0C46CiiqAkuVH2ZjgZ21Ev3VPf1ooqQIsBvv DP1qupIhfBxRRTIM9SfPj5P3q0YVHnLwP9d6UUUgJZVXZJwPyqhdAfZpOKKKo0MSw+/KOwfj 2ratQPs8fA6tRRSMixHxarjilUn7NnPJ60UVQF7J+z9aI1BRsgfdoookMytQA8ub2prEiLqa KKX2hBdsfKU5Oaqox+yNyfvetFFIkZn50PerliT9oUZooqhmhcfcWo5/uZ7+tFFQMrqSYWyS agb/AFSnuOlFFBJFbqu3oPyp0BJvFBPHpRRRECG4P71T3+WooXcovzNz15ooqpEk99w7Y4+l RFmzH8x/OiipkUaNioNzICARt7irUiJ5q/Kv5UUUFlC2ALSAgY9K1GAA4FFFZxKK86qWyVBO 70qjfAAZwM+tFFaSIKq/MYy3J96vWxJiUZ4PWiimSJH99qEALLkUUUwLKAf2fJwPvVPGqgKQ AD9KKKDU/9k= - --------------765E7EA311C6-- ------------------------------ End of Skunk Works Digest V6 #13 ******************************** To subscribe to skunk-works-digest, send the command: subscribe skunk-works-digest in the body of a message to "majordomo@pmihwy.com". If you want to subscribe something other than the account the mail is coming from, such as a local redistribution list, then append that address to the "subscribe" command; for example, to subscribe "local-skunk-works": subscribe skunk-works-digest local-skunk-works@your.domain.net To unsubscribe, send mail to the same address, with the command: unsubscribe skunk-works-digest in the body. Administrative requests, problems, and other non-list mail can be sent to either "skunk-works-digest-owner@pmihwy.com" or, if you don't like to type a lot, "georgek@netwrx1.com". A non-digest (direct mail) version of this list is also available; to subscribe to that instead, replace all instances of "skunk-works-digest" in the commands above with "skunk-works". Back issues are available for e-mail request by sending a message to majordomo@pmihwy.com with no subject and a line containing "get skunk-works-digest vNN.nMMM" (where "NN" is the volume number, and "MMM" is the issue number). You can get a list of all available digests by sending the one line command "index skunk-works-digest". If you have any questions or problems please contact me at: georgek@netwrx1.com Thanks, George R, Kasica